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Breaking Through

A powerful memoir from Katalin Karikó, winner of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, whose decades-long research led to the COVID-19 vaccines Katalin Karikó has not been awarded a Nobel Prize. However, she is widely recognized for her pivotal work in the development of mRNA technology, which played a crucial role in the creation of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Karikó's groundbreaking research focused on synthetic mRNA and its potential therapeutic uses . She faced numerous challenges and setbacks in her career, as her ideas were initially met with skepticism. One of her key contributions was finding a way to deliver mRNA into cells without triggering an unwanted immune response. She and her colleagues discovered that modifying nucleosides in mRNA helped evade the body's immune system, allowing the mRNA to produce proteins effectively. This modification was crucial for the development of mRNA vaccines, like those produced by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna for COVID-1...

The Hundred Years' War on Palestine

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  The Hundred Years' War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917–2017   is a 2020 book by Rashid  Klaidi   i , in which the author describes the Zionist  claim to Palestine  in the century spanning 1917–2017 as late   settler colonialism   and an instrument of British and then later American   imperialism. Rashid Ismail Khalidi is a Palestinian-American historian specializing in the Middle East. He  has oftened appeared on TV Shows like GPS(CNN). The First Declaration of War, 1917–1939"   Theodor Herzl , father of modern political Zionism. The chapter "The First Declaration of War, 1917–1939" in "The Hundred" discusses the early 20th-century period when the foundations for the conflict in Palestine were laid. It highlights the impact of the B alfour Declaration and the subsequent British Mandate in Palestin e, marking the beginning of a formal conflict against the Palestinian people. This era saw ...